Ottoman History Podcast

Occupy Gezi: History, Politics, Practice

2013-06-08T17:22:00.000+03:00

110. Resistanbul

Taksim Barracks (as stadium) c1930s

For over a week now, Istanbul and increasingly city centers in many parts of Turkey have witnessed the rise of an unprecedented protest movement variously referred to as Occupy Gezi or Resistanbul. Western media has been quick to herald another Arab Spring-type revolutionary event in the Muslim world while the Turkish government and media have largely downplayed the significant of these events. In this podcast, we will try to take a closer look at the nature of these protests, which began as an occupation of a park slated for destruction and are now something much more, considering the historical and political contexts as well as providing a first-hand description of what protests both in and outside of Istanbul look like.

Part One: Urban Transformation and Politics: the historical context and development of Occupy Gezi

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In part one of this podcast, we discuss the history of the Taksim area and Gezi Parkı in particular, focusing on the role of this space and its transformation in Turkish politics from the late Ottoman period onward. We then examine the wider political context of resistance to current government policies and the growth of the latest protest movement in Turkey.

Part Two: Occupying Space: political discontent in the twenty first century

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In part two of this podcast, we examine the anatomy of the Occupy Gezi movement and some aspects of its spread into different parts of Turkey and discuss possible implications of these protests within the wider context of Turkish politics as well as seemingly similar "leaderless revolutions" that coalesce around social media activity and the occupation of public space around the world.

Nilay Özlü is a PhD student at Boğaziçi University researching the urban transformation of Istanbul (see academia.edu)
Stefan Martens is a contributor at Hurriyet Daily News
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history (see academia.edu)
Elçin Arabacı is a PhD candidate at Georgetown Unversity focusing on the transformation of civil society in the late Ottoman period (see academia.edu)
Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at 29 Mayıs University whose research focuses on the early modern Mediterranean (a cademia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

USEFUL LINKS

Ötekilerin Postası

Occupy Gezi

Gezi Radyo
YouTube

Bülent Journal

History of Taksim

Emily Neumeier, "Taksim Through Time," Stambouline (May 30, 2013)
Nick Danforth, "Pervititich Maps," Afternoon Map (March 7, 2013)

Media coverage

Elif Batuman, "Occupy Gezi," The New Yorker (June 1, 2013)

Cihan Tuğal, "Occupy Gezi: The Limits of Turkey’s Neoliberal Success," Jadaliyya (June 4, 2013)
Kerem Öktem, "Contours of a New Republic and Signals from the Past: How to Understand Taksim Square," Jadaliyya (June 7, 2013)

Elif Shafak, "The view from Taksim," Guardian (June 3, 2013)

Soner Cagaptay, The Middle Class Strikes Back," New York Times (June 5, 2013)

"The new young Turks," The Economist (June 8, 2013)

Paul Mason, "Will gas canisters or yoga prevail in Turkish spring?" BBC (June 8, 2013)

AP, "A snapshot of protesters who have gathered in Istanbul’s Taksim Square," Washington Post (June 8, 2013)
"Six Turkish policemen commit suicide during Gezi protests, union head says," Hurriyet Daily News (June 9, 2013)
Hüseyin İstemil, Survey Regarding Gezi Park Protests, Taraf (June 6, 2013)
Timur Hammond and Elizabeth Angell, "Is Everywhere Taksim?" Jadaliyya (June 9, 2013)

IMAGES

Postcard Displaying Taksim Barracks (Topçu Kışlası) c1911

Pevitich Insurance Map Depiction of Gezi Parkı (c1945)

Sign Reads "Park Not Barracks" (May 29, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protest Organization, Gezi Parkı (May 29, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

United Metalwork Syndicate (May 30, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protest signs: sign on the left reads "Recep, give me a kiss" (May 30, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Lemons for fighting effects of tear gas used to spell out T.C. (Türk Cumhuriyeti - Turkish Republic)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Police Use Gas at Protest in Gezi Parkı (May 31, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Taksim Square (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Demonstrations in Gümüşsuyu, Istanbul (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Ataturk statue in Taksim Square (June 5, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Protesters build barricade in Antakya (Hatay), Turkey (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Demonstration in Uğur Mumcu Square in Antakya (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Demonstration in Heykel Square in Bursa, Turkey (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Elçin Arabacı

Demonstrations in Barış Park in Mersin, Turkey (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Graffiti in Taksim area (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Supplies arrive in Gezi Parkı (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Needed supplies (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Food donation tent in Gezi Parkı (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protester sitting in captured bus (June 6, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Gezi Park Library (June 6, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

MUSIC

Boğaziçi University Jazz Choir - Çapulcu musun Vay Vay
Kardeş Türküler - Tencere Tava Havası
Oğuzhan Uğur - Birinci Vazife
Duman - Eyvallah

Osmanlı'da Siyasal Ağlar // Güneş Işıksel

2013-05-31T15:32:00.000+03:00

109. Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Klanı

Her ne kadar modern tarihyazımı tarafından bir meritokrasi olarak tanımlansa da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu adam kayırmacılıktan ve akrabalık ilişkileri etrafında örgütlenen siyasi ağlardan muaf değildi. Bu podcastimizde Dr. Güneş Işıksel, genelde Osmanlı siyasi tarihyazımının ihmal ettiği kapı, hizip ve çıkar grubu gibi kavramlar etrafında 16. yüzyıl'ın ve belki de Osmanlı tarihinin en muktedir vezirlerinden birinin nasıl akrabalarını Osmanlı devletinde kritik noktalara yerleştirdiğini anlatıyor. Sokollu ve ailesinin siyasi kariyeri üzerine odaklanarak, devlet ile devleti oluşturan görevlilerin oluşturduğu hiziplerin çıkarlarının aynı olmadığının altını çizmekle kalmıyor, aynı zamanda devşirme sisteminin sanıldığı gibi ailesiyle bağlarını kaybetmiş, tamamen Sultan'a bağlı, geçmişsiz bir idareci sınıfı yaratamadığını da öne sürüyor.

In this episode, Güneş Işıksel discusses the role of households in Ottoman politics, focusing on the political and social networks surrounding Sokollu Mehmed Paşa, a devshirme recruit who rose to the ranks of Grand Vizier during the reign of Süleyman, Selim II, and Murad III (podcast is in Turkish).

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Yeniçağ Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Diplomasi Tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Güneş Işıksel Collège de France ve Paris-Sorbonne Üniversitesi'nde (Paris IV) doktora sonrası çalışmalarını yürütmektedir. (see academia.edu)

Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Gilles Veinstein, "Sokollu" Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., vol. IX, 735-742.

Gyula Kaldy-Nagy, "Budin Beylerbeyi Mustafa Paşa (1566-1578)," Belleten, 54/210 (1990): 649-663.

Uroš Dakić, “The Sokollu Family Clan and the Politics of Vizierial Households in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century” (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Central European University, 2012).

Rifa’at Ali Abou-El-Haj, “The Ottoman Vezir and Paşa Households: 1683-1703: A Preliminary Report”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 94/4 (1974): 438-447.

Yasemin Metin, "Budin Paşalarının Macarca Yazışmaları Ilk Bölüm (1553-1578)" (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, 2004)

Yasemin Altaylı, « Macarca Mektuplarıyla Budin Beylerbeyi Sokollu Mustafa Paşa (1566-1587), Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 49/2 (2009): 157-171.

Gustave Bayerle, Ottoman Diplomacy in Hungary: Letters from the Pashas of Buda, 1590-1593 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972).

Feridun Emecen, “Osmanlı Hanedanına Alternatif Arayışları Üzerine Bazı Örnekler ve Mülahazalar, İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (2001): 63-76.

Metin Kunt, “Sultan, Dynasty and State in the Ottoman Empire: Political Institutions in the 16^th century,” The Medieval History journal / Special Issue on Tributary Empires, 6/2 (November 2003): 217-230.

Metin Kunt, “Ethnic-Regional (Cins) Solidarity in the Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Establishment”, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 5/3 (1974): 233-239.

Dragomans and Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe / Emrah Safa Gürkan

2013-05-24T09:42:00.000+03:00

108. Traduttore, Traditore!

The Persian Envoy Mirza Mohammed Reza Qazvini at
Finkenstein Castle (Francois Mulard, 1807)

In Ottoman Istanbul, diplomatic and commercial relations were often mediated through a group of interpreters known as dragomans whose role frequently extended well beyond their linguistic function. In this podcast, Emrah Safa Gürkan discusses the emergence of dragomans within the Ottoman context, their role in the Ottoman capital, and the influence of the use of interpreters more broadly among European states.

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Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at İstanbul 29 Mayıs University. His work focuses on early modern Mediterranean and Ottoman History. (see academia.edu)

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Empire in Translation: Dragomans and Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean," Emrah Safa Gürkan and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 108 (May 24, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/05/dragomans.html

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

E. Natalie Rothman, Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012).

E. Natalie Rothman, “Visualizing a Space of Encounter: Intimacy, Alterity and Trans-Imperial Perspective in an Ottoman-Venetian Miniature Album,” The Journal of Ottoman Studies, XL (2012): 39-80.

E. Natalie Rothman, “Interpreting Dragomans: Boundaries and Crossings in the Early Modern Mediterranean”, Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, 4 (October 2009): 771-800.

Christian Luca, “Il bailaggio veneto di Costantinopoli nel Cinque-Seicento: i dragomanni provenienti dalle famiglie Bruti, Borissi, Grillo,” in Dacoromano-Italica: Studie e ricerche sui rapporti italo-romeni nei secoli XVI-XVIII (Cluj-Napolca:Accademia Romena, Centro di Studi Transilvani, 2008), 105-128.

Alexander H. Groot, “Dragomans’ Careers: The Change of Status in Some Families Connected with the British and Dutch Embassies at Istanbul, 1785-1829,” in Friends and Rivals in the East: Studies in Anglo-Dutch Relations in the Levant from the Seventeenth to the Early Nineteenth Century, eds. Alastair Hamilton, Alexander H. de Groot, Maurits van den Boogert (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 223-246.

Alexander H. Groot, “The Dragomans in the Embassies at Istanbul, 1785-1834,” in Eastward Bound: Dutch Ventures and Adventures in the Middle East, eds. Geert van Gelder and Ed de Moor (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994), 130-158.

Francesca Lucchetta, “La scuola dei “giovani di lingua” veneti nei secoli XVI e XVII”, Quaderni di studi arabici, 7 (1989): 19-40.

G. Paladino, “Due dragomanni veneti a Costantinopoli,” Nuovo Archivio Veneto 33 (1917): 183-200.
Marie de Testa and Antoine Gautier, “Les drogmans au service de la France au Levant,” Revue d’histoire diplomatique 105 (1991): 7-101.

G. R. Berridge, “Notes on the Origins of the Diplomatic Corps: Constantinople in the 1620s”, Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, 92 (May 2004): 1-20.

Türkiye'de Tarih Öğretimi / Emrah Yıldız

2013-05-17T10:00:00.000+03:00

107. Nasıl Öğretiliyor ve Ne Eksik?

Her ne kadar akademik tarihyazımında azımsanamayacak bir çeşitlilik göze çarpsa da, Türkiye'de tarih öğretimi milli ideolojinin çerçevesinin dışına çıkmayı başaramamıştır. Bu bölümümüzde Emrah Yıldız, 50 üniversitenin ders programını incelediği çalışmasının sonuçları doğrultusunda Türkiye'de tarih öğretimi konusunda yapılan hatalardan bahsedip çesitli savlar öne sürmektedir.

Despite diverse historiographical developments that have changed the way historians understand history, in the realm of education, history is still largely discussed within a nationalist framework. In this episode, Emrah Yıldız critiques this nationalist approach to history and explores the results of a study that examined the topics and content of course offerings at 50 Turkish universities (podcast is in Turkish).

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Osmanlı tarihçiliği üzerine çalışan Emrah Yıldız Mersin Üniversitesi'nde doktorasını yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)

Harika Zöhre Mersin Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı araştırma görevlisidir. (bknz. academia.edu)

Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Harika Zöhre and Emrah Yıldız
Mersin University, May 2013

Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye'de Tarihçilik ve Tarih Yayıncılığı Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, (Edt. Mehmet Öz), TTK Yayınları, Ankara, 2011

İlhan Tekeli, Tarih Bilinci ve Gençlik: Karşılaştırmalı Avrupa ve Türkiye Araştırması, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998

Tekeli, Tarih Yazımı Üzerine Düşünmek, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara, 1998

Ahmet Özcan, Türkiye'de Popüler Tarihçilik 1908-1960, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2011

Salih Özbaran, Tarih, Tarihçi ve Toplum, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007

Salih Özbaran, Güdümlü Tarih, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2003

Salih Özbaran, Geçmişi Güncelleştirmek: Tarihçi İmgesinden Medya Sözcülüğüne, Tarihçi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2011

Tarih Öğretimi ve Ders Kitapları 1994 Buca Sempozyumu, Yay. Haz. Salih Özbaran, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011

Büşra Ersanlı, İktidar ve Tarih: Türkiye'de "Resmi Tarih" Tezinin Oluşumu (1929-1937), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2003

Oktay Özel, Dün Sancısı: Türkiye'de Geçmiş Algısı ve Akademik Tarihçilik, Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2009

Tarih ve Milliyetçilik I. Ulusal Tarih Kongresi Bildiriler, Mersin Üniversitesi, 1999

Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Sayı 34, 44, 46, 106, 107, 112, 108, 113, 148, 149,152, 229, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul

Taner Timur, Osmanlı Kimliği, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010

Episode Music: Seyyan Hanım - Mazi

Sources for Early Ottoman History / Christopher Markiewicz

2013-05-10T09:32:00.000+03:00

106. Inşa Collections

Researchers focusing on the period of Ottoman history predating the establishment of what we know as the classical Ottoman bureaucracy and the earliest surviving court records are faced with major challenges when it comes to source material. In this episode, Christopher Markiewicz discusses one type of source that can be used to study this period: insha collections (inşa mecmuaları). While these collections of letters can be used to study diplomacy and the earliest formation of an Ottoman professional bureaucracy, Chris explains some of the ways in which these sources could potentially be used for a wide variety of historical topics related to cultural and social history of the early Ottoman Empire.

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Christopher Markiewicz is a PhD candidate at Chicago University focusing on early modern Ottoman history.
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA focusing on history of science and intellectual history of the Ottoman Empire. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Letter Collections as Sources for Early Ottoman History," Christopher Markiewicz, Chris Gratien, and Nir Shafir, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 106 (May 10, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/05/sources-ottoman-empire-bureaucracy.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Left to Right: Chris Markiewicz and Nir Shafir
Istanbul, March 2013

Feridun Beg. Mecmū‘a-yı münşe'āt es-selāṭīn. Istanbul: Daru't-tiba‘ati'l-amire, 1274/1858.

Sa‘di Çelebi. Tacizade Sa‘di Çelebi Münşeatı. Istanbul: İstanbul Matbaası, 1956.

Ubayd Allah Ahrar. The letters of Khwāja ʻUbayd Allāh Aḥrār and his associates. Leiden: Brill, 2002.

Şinasi Tekin. Kırımlu Hafız Hüsam Teressül (Hacı Selimağa, Nurbanu No:122/5). Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures, Harvard University, 2008.

Şinasi Tekin. Menāhicüʾl-inşā; Yaḥya bin Meḥmed el-Kātibʾin 15. yyʾdan kalma en eski Osmanlıca inşâ elkitabı. Giriş, dizin, tıpkıbasım. Cambridge, MA: Orient Press, 1971.

Hasan Ali Esir. Münşeat-i Lami‘i Trabzon. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Matbaası, 2006.

Music: Zeki Müren - Katibim

Girit Müslümanlarının Ada'da Son Yılları / Melike Kara

2013-05-03T07:00:00.000+03:00

105. Mübadeleden Önce Girit

A street in Chania, Crete (1913)
Source: Library of Congress

Yunanistan Müslümanlarına yönelik çalışmalar genellikle Mübadele ve Batı Trakya Türkleri üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu bölümde söz konusu çalışmalardan farklı olarak Melike Kara, Yunanistan'ın 1913 yılında itibaren bir parçası olan Girit'e ve Müslümanlarına ilişkin incelemelerde bulunuyor. Müslümanların 1913 yılından Ada'dan ayrıldıkları 1924 yılına kadar yaşamlarında meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koyarken olayların arka planında yer alan siyasi gelişmelere de değiniyor.

Most studies of Muslims in Greece focus on the population exchange of 1924. In this episode, Melike Kara examines the little studied period directly preceding the population exchange through the peculiar case of Crete, which passed from independent status to being a part of Greece only in 1913. Taking a social history approach, we discuss some of the changes in the Cretan Muslim community as an official minority in Greece within the context of broader political developments (podcast is in Turkish).

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Left to Right: Zeynep Sabancı and Melike Kara
Mersin University, April 2013

Mersin Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde doktora yapmakta olan Melike Kara, toplumsal tarih ve azınlıklarla ilgili çalışmalar yürütmektedir. (bknz. academia.edu)

Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)

Askeri tarihi çalışan Zeynep Sabancı Mersin Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)

Citation: "Girit Müslümanlarının Ada'da Son Yılları," Melike Kara, Zeynep Sabancı, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 105 (May 3, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2011/05/crete-greece-ottoman-empire.html.

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Girit mübadili Kösem Hazar'ın Girit'te
çekilmiş aile fotoğrafı (Kaynak: Melike Kara)

Nükhet Adıyeke, (2000). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Girit bunalımı. Ankara: T.T.K. yayını.

Nükhet Adıyeke (2005). "Osmanlı egemenliği altında Girit’te Müslüman kimliğin oluşumu ve Müslüman cemaati ile Ortodoks Cemaati Arasındaki İlişkiler." Yeniden Kurulan Yaşamlar 1923 Türk- Yunan Zorunlu Nüfus Mübadelesi, (Derleyen: Müfide Pekin), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 365-377.

Nuri Adıyeke (2006). Girit nikah defterleri ve Girit’te evlilikler, Fethinden Kaybına Girit, (İçinde), İstanbul: Babıâli Kültür Yayıncılığı, 57-70.

Benedict Anderson, (2007). Hayali cemaatler – milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması. (Çev. İskender Savaşır). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.

Fernand Braudel, (2001). Uygarlıkların grameri. (Çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.

Richard Clogg, (2003). Minorities in Greece, London: Hurst&Company.

Detorakis, T. E. (1994). History of Crete. Iraklion.

Molly Greene, (1993). Kandiye 1669–1720: the formation of a mercant class. Princeton: Princeton Üniversitesi. Doktora Tezi.

Ersin Gülsoy, (2004). Girit’in fethi ve Osmanlı idaresinin kurulması (1645–1670). İstanbul: Tarih ve Tabiat Vakfı Yayınları.

Kemal Karpat, (2004). "1683’ten Sonra Osmanlıların Balkan Uluslarıyla İlişkileri." Balkanlar’da Osmanlı Mirası ve Ulusçuluk, (İçinde), (Çev. Recep Boztemur), Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 61-129.

Herkül Millas, (1992). Yunan Ulusunun Doğuşu, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.

Baskın Oran, (1986). Türk- Yunan ilişkilerinde Batı Trakya sorunu. Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları.

Tsitselikis, K. (2004). The legal status of Islam in Greece. Die Welt des İslams, Leiden: 402-431.

Tsitselikis, K. (2005). "1923’ten önce Yunanistan’da Müslüman cemaatler yasal süreklilikler ve ideolojik tutarsızlıklar." Yeniden Kurulan Yaşamlar 1923 Türk- Yunan Zorunlu Nüfus Mübadelesi, (Der: Müfide Pekin), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 341-357.

Onur Yıldırım, (2006). Diplomasi ve göç Türk- Yunan Mübadelesinin öteki yüzü. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Neither Muslim Nor Christian / Zeynep Türkyılmaz

2013-04-29T15:56:00.002+03:00

104. Covert or Convert?

Musicians of Maçka, 1950s
Source: karalahana.com

Stories of insincere conversion under duress and secret Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire give the impression that many Christians lived in hiding from a Muslim majority. However, as Zeynep Türkyılmaz argues in this podcast, the phenomenon of Crypto-Christianity is really more complex, as diversity and heterogeneity among the Ottoman Empire's rural communities gave rise to "in-between" groups that did not conform to categories of identity being formulated in the center. In this episode, we focus on the Trabzon region in order to understand how local communities sought to define their participation in a rapidly transforming society and economy of the nineteenth century.

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Zeynep Türkyılmaz is an Assistant Professor of History at Dartmouth College. (see faculty page)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)
Vedica Kant is a graduate of Oxford University's Middle Eastern Studies program.

Citation: "Neither Muslim Nor Christian: Crypto-Christians of Trabzon," Zeynep Türkyılmaz, Chris Gratien, and Vedica Kant, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 104 (April 29, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2009/05/religion-conversion-crypto-christians.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andreades, Georgios [Yorgos]. The Cryptochristians : Klostoi : Those Who Returned ; Tenesur : Those Who Have Changed. Translated by Theodota Nantsou. Thessaloniki: Kuriakidis Bros., 1995.

Baer, Marc David. Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Bryer, Anthony. "The Crypto-Christians of the Pontos and Consul William Gifford Palgrave of Trebizond." Deltio Kentrou Mikraasiatikon Spoudon, no. 4 (1983): 13-68.

Deringil, Selim. ""There Is No Compulsion in Religion": On Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire: 1839-1856." Comparative Studies in Society and History 42, no. 3 (2000): 547-575.

Krstić, Tijana. Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2011.

Reinkowski, Maurus. "Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates: The Phenomenon of Crypto-Jews and Crypto-Christians in the Middle East." In Converting Cultures : Religion, Ideology, and Transformations of Modernity, ed. Dennis C. Washburn and A. Kevin Reinhart. Leiden; Boston; Biggleswade: Brill ; Extenza Turpin [distributor], 2007.

Episode Music

IMAGES

Late Ottoman Postcard of Kurum, near Trabzon (Source: Hakan Akcaoglu)

Signiature of Küpcüoğlu, one of the leaders of the Istavri movement (from Ottoman archives)

Komitas: a Biographical Mixtape // Chris Gratien

2013-04-24T09:16:00.000+03:00

103. An Ottoman Tragedy

Komitas Vardapet (1869-1935)
in Istanbul, circa 1910

The biography and intellectual legacy of Komitas Vardapet, an orphan from Kütahya who became one of the foremost Armenian intellectuals of his day, is firmly embedded within Armenian national lore. Yet, seldom has it been told as an Ottoman story. Drawing on sources in Turkish, Armenian, and English, this mixtape presents the life and works of Komitas through some of the earliest recordings of Armenian music, including his own performances.

Section 1: From Bursa to Berlin: the Rise of an Armenian Ethnomusicologist

Download via iTunes

Section 2: Komitas Between Armenian and Turkish Nationalism

Download via iTunes

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Komitas. Komitas: Essays and Articles : the Musicological Treatises of Komitas Vardapet. Pasadena, Calif: Drazark Press, 2001.

Kuyumjian, Rita Soulahian. Archeology of Madness: Komitas, Portrait of an Armenian Icon. Princeton, N.J.: Gomidas Institute, 2001.

Gasparean, Gurgen. Komitas Vardapet: 1869-1935. Yerevan: Sargis Xačenc̕, 2009.

Azatean, Toros. Komitas Vardapet̕: Ir keank̕n ow gorçownēowt̕iwnë. Istanbul: Kiwt̕emperk, 1931.

Adıvar, Halide Edib. Memoirs of Halidé Edib. New York: Century Co, 1926. (click for PDF)

Komitas Virtual Museum (komitas.am)

TRACK LIST

To read about the history of the recordings of Komitas, see Will Prentice's commentary.

"Antouni" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [audio]
"Qristos i mej mer haycanav" performed by Male Chamber Choir of the Yerevan Opera Theatre [audio]
"Mokats Mirza" performed by Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]
"Hol Ara Yezo" performed by Komitas Vardapet and Vahan Ter Arakelian [audio]
"Andzrevn Ekav" performed by State Academic Choir of Armenia, artistic director and conductor Hovhannes Tchekidjian [audio]
"Tsirani Tsar" performed by Lusine Zakarian [audio]
"Lorva Gutanerg" performed by Komitas Vardapet [audio]
"Garun a" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]
"Krunk" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]

Additional Background Music

Zemphira Barseghian piano performances the works of Komitas
Komitas String quartet, 1st violin - Edward Tadevosyan, 2nd violin - Souren Hakhnazaryan, viola - Alexander Kosemyan, chello - Felix Simonyan
"Urakh Ler" performed by Mari Pozapalian [audio]

IMAGES

Komitas in Cairo, 1911
Source: komitas.am

Komitas in Berlin
Source: komitas.am

Komitas in his Pangaltı Apartment in Istanbul, 1913-4
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Komitas with pupils and teacher of Gevorgian Seminary in Etchmiadzin, 1904
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Komitas's Choir in Istanbul, 1911
Source: Azatean, Toros. Komitas Vardapet̕: Ir keank̕n ow gorçownēowt̕iwnë (1931)

Komitas with his students in Istanbul, 1914
From left to right: Hayk Semerjian, Mihran Tumajian,Vardan Sargsian, Artashes Abajian,
Vagharshak Srvandztian, Barsegh Kanachian
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Komitas with Astuatsatur Harents on Büyük Ada near Istanbul, 1916
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Child and Nation in Early Republican Turkey / Yasemin Gencer

2013-04-19T18:21:00.000+03:00

102. Very Young Turks

Source: Akbaba (10/29/1928)

Following the World War I period, the founders of a new Turkish Republic sought to define and legitimize the new order as a break with the Ottoman past. In this episode, Yasemin Gencer explains the ways in which notions such as childhood were used to construct the image of a renewed Turkish society in the nationalist press during the early years of the Republican period.

Yasemin Gencer is a PhD candidate at Indiana University studying Art History. (see academia.edu)

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)
Emily Neumeier is a PhD student of Ottoman art history at the University of Pennsylvania (see academia.edu)

MP3 File
iTunes

Citation: "Child and Nation in Early Republican Turkey," Yasemin Gencer, Chris Gratien, and Emily Neumeier, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 102 (April 19, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/04/childhood-family-press-turkish-nationalism-republic.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chris Gratien and Yasemin Gencer / Kurtuluş, Istanbul

Gencer, Yasemin, "We Are Family: The Child and Modern Nationhood in Early Turkish Republican Cartoons (1923-28)," Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 2012 Volume 32, Number 2: 294-309.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verso, 2006.

Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.

Brummett, Palmira J. Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908-1911. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Cristi, Marcela. From Civil to Political Religion: The Intersection of Culture, Religion and Politics. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001.

Çeviker, Turgut. Gelişim Sürecinde Türk Karikatürü-III. Istanbul: Adam (Anadolu) Yayınları, 1991.

Göçek, Fatma Müge, ed. Political Cartoons in the Middle East. Princeton: Markus Weiner Publishers, 1998.

Karpat, Kemal H. "Historical Continuity and Identity Change or How to be Modern Muslim, Ottoman, and Turk." In Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey, ed. Kemal Karpat, 1–28. Leiden, Boston, and Köln: Brill, 2000.

Robinson, Kathryn. “Families: Metaphors of Nation (Overview).” In Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, vol. 2, Family, Law, and Politics, ed. Suad Joseph, 154–60. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Sönmez, Cemil. Atatürk’te Çocuk Sevgisi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 2004.

Ünder, Hasan. “Atatürk İmgesinin Siyasal Yaşamdaki Rolü.” In: Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: Kemalizm, vol. 2. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2001.

IMAGES

“The Republic is Walking!” Karagöz (no. 1650, p. 1), 9 January 1924.
“Ottoman Empire vs. Turkish Republic,” Akbaba (no. 199, p. 1), 30 October 1924.
“When I Grow Up,” Akbaba (no. 407, p. 4), 28 October 1926.
“Our Father is Coming!” Cumhuriyet (no. 1128, p. 1), 1 July 1927.
“We Are Saved,” Akbaba (no. 614, p. 1), 29 October 1928.

“The Republic is Walking!” Karagöz (no. 1650, p. 1), 9 January 1924.Source: Yasemin Gencer

“Ottoman Empire vs. Turkish Republic,” Akbaba (no. 199, p. 1), 30 October 1924.Source: Yasemin Gencer

“When I Grow Up,” Akbaba (no. 407, p. 4), 28 October 1926.Source: Yasemin Gencer

“Our Father is Coming!” Cumhuriyet (no. 1128, p. 1), 1 July 1927.Source: Yasemin Gencer

“We Are Saved,” Akbaba (no. 614, p. 1), 29 October 1928.
Source: Yasemin Gencer

Hydropolitics and the Hajj / Michael Christopher Low

2013-04-12T09:17:00.000+03:00

101. An Ottoman Pre-History of Saudi ‘Geological Imperialism’

Water Distillation Machine
Installed in Jidda (1911)
Source: Kasım İzzeddin, Hicaz'da
teşkilât ve ıslahat-ı sıhhiye (1330)

During the nineteenth century, imperial states became increasingly concerned with the management of disease and resources. For the Ottoman Empire, the issues of disease and water converged on the hajj pilgrimage, which brought annual throngs of thirsty disease vectors to the Hijaz region. In this podcast, Michael Christopher Low examines the su meselesi or “water issue” of the Ottoman Empire during the Hamidian era and its importance for understanding the ecological transformation of Saudi Arabia over the past century.

MP3 File
iTunes

Michael Christopher Low is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of History of Columbia University focusing on the Hijaz region. (see department page)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Hydropolitics and the Hajj," Michael Christopher Low and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 101 (April 12, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2010/04/hajj-water-saudi-arabia.html.

Maps

Download and read about the maps associated with this podcast at the Afternoon Map

Select Bibliography

Primary Sources:

Akkuş, Mehmet, ed. Hicaz Hâtırası: Muharriri El-Hac Hüseyin Vassaf. İstanbul:
Kubbealtı, 2011.

Burdett, Anita L.P., ed. Water Resources in the Arabian Peninsula, 1921-1960. Volume
1: Bahran, Qatar, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman, Saudi Arabia. Slough, U.K.: Archive Editions, 1998.

Eyüp Sabri (Paşa). Mir’âtül-Haremeyn: Mir’ât-ı Mekke. Cilt 1. Bahriye Matbaası, 1301.

İzzeddin, Kasım. Hicaz'da teşkilât ve ıslahat-ı sıhhiye ve 1330 senesi hacc-ı şerifi Hicaz
sıhhiye idaresi, senevi rapor. İstanbul: Matbaa-ı Amire, 1330.

Sarıyıldız, Gülden and Ayşe Kavak, eds. Halife II. Abdülhamid’in Hac Siyaseti: Dr. M.
Şakir Bey’in Hicaz Hatırları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2009.

Secondary Sources:

Bulmuş, Birsen. Plague, Quarantines, and Geopolitics in the Ottoman Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

Jones, Toby Craig. Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.

Low, Michael Christopher. “Empire and the Hajj: Pilgrims, Plagues, and Pan-Islam under British Surveillance, 1865-1908.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 2 (May, 2008): 269-290.

Mikhail, Alan, ed. Water on Sand: Environmental Histories of the Middle East and
North Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Sarıyıldız, Gülden. Hicaz Karantina Teşkilâtı,1865-1914. Ankara: Türk Tarih Karumu,
1996.

Yılmaz, Ömer Faruk. Osmanlı’nın Hicaz’da Deniz Suyu Arıtma Tesisleri Projesi.
İstanbul: Çamlıca, 2012.

Episode Music: Ilham al-Madfai - Sharrabtak al Mayy

Gelenekten Gelenekçiliğe: Osmanlı ve Müzik / Cem Behar

2013-04-04T08:12:00.000+03:00

100. Music and the Making of Tradition

Levni'nin Surname'siden

Over the past century, a genre of music called Turkish classical music (sanat muzikisi) emerged as a would-be revival of traditional Ottoman/Turkish music that emerged during the sixteenth century. In this episode, Cem Behar clears up some widespread misconceptions about the history of this music and explains how we have gone from tradition to "traditionalism" with regards to the Ottoman musical past (note: podcast is in Turkish).

Bu ezber bozan podcastımızda Prof. Dr. Cem Behar bizlere 16. yüzyılın ortalarında zuhur eden geleneksel Osmanlı/Türk musikisinin modernizasyon projesi çerçevesinde bir çok "icat edilmiş gelenek" ile nasıl inkıta'ya uğratıldığını anlatıyor. Günümüz Türk Sanat musikisi ile Osmanlı dönemindeki musikinin kompozisyon ve icraları arasındaki farklılıklar üzerinde durarak "gelenek"in yerini nasıl "gelenekçilik"e bıraktığına dikkati çektikten sonra, geleneksel Osmanlı/Türk musikisinin bir çok karanlık yönüne ışık tutuyor.

MP3 File

Prof. Dr. Cem Behar İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi İşletme Bölümü'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see faculty page)

Yeniçağ Akdeniz Tarihi ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde ders vermektedir. (bkz. academia.edu)

Osmanlı Askeri Tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Kahraman Şakul İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde öğretim üyesidir. (academia.edu)

Citation: "Gelenekten Gelenekçiliğe: Osmanlı ve Müzik," Cem Behar, Emrah Safa Gürkan, Kahraman Şakul, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 100 (April 4, 2013) ttp://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2011/04/music-modernization-tradition-ottoman-empire-behar.html.

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Cem Behar, Klasik Türk musikisi üzerine denemeler (İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları, 1987).

Cem Behar, Ali Ufkî ve Mezmurlar (İstanbul: Pan Yayıncılık, 1990).

Cem Behar, Zaman, mekân, müzik: Klasik Türk musıkisinde eğitim (meşk), icra ve aktarım (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 1993).

Cem Behar, Aşk Olmayınca Meşk Olmaz: Geleneksel Osmanlı Türk Müziği'nde Eğitim ve İntikal (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1998).

Cem Behar, Musıkiden müziğe: Osmanlı / Türk müziği: gelenek ve modernlik (makaleler, kaynaklar, metinler) (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2005).

Cem Behar, “The Ottoman Musical Tradition,” in The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 3: The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, ed. Suraiya N. Faroqhi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006): 393-407.

Cem Behar, Şeyhülislâm'ın müziği: 18. yüzyılda Osmanlı/Türk musıkisi ve Şeyhülislâm Es'ad Efendi'nin Atrabü'l-âsâr'ı (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2010).

Approaching Lebanese History // Graham Pitts

2013-03-30T09:56:00.000+02:00

99. Archives and Sources for Modern Lebanese History

Bsherreh from Wadi Kadesha
Source: American Colony
c1900-1920 (Library of Congress)

Even when writing the history of a particular geographical space, historians often find themselves circling the globe in search of new source material for research. This may be especially true for historians of Lebanon, whose archival sources are spread throughout various libraries in Lebanon, the Middle East and the West. In this episode, Graham Pitts shares his own research experience and discusses some of the different sources and archives available to scholars working on the history of modern Lebanon.

MP3 File
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Graham Pitts is a PhD candidate at Georgetown University focusing on Middle East environmental history

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Approaching Lebanese History: Archives and Sources for Modern Lebanese History," Graham Pitts and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 99 (March, 30 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/03/lebanon-archive-sources-modern-mandate.html.

Archives Covered

Egyptian National Library and Archives (sites are currently down), Cairo (map)
Lebanese National Archives / Beirut (map)
American University / Beirut (map)
Maronite Catholic Patriarchate Archives / Bkerké, Lebanon
Başbakanlık Ottoman Archives / Istanbul (map) / Catalog
French Diplomatic Archives / Paris (map)
French Diplomatic Archives / Nantes (map)
British National Archives / Kew, UK (map)
US National Archives / College Park, MD (map)

Select Bibliography

Akarli, Engin. The Long Peace: Ottoman Lebanon, 1861-1920. University of California Press, 1993.

Faroqhi, Suraiya. Approaching Ottoman history: an introduction to the sources. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Firro, Kais. Inventing Lebanon: nationalism and the State under the Mandate. Vol. 6. IB Tauris, 2003.

Khater, Akram F. Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon, 1870-1920. University of California Press, 2001.

Labelle Jr, Maurice M. Traces of empire| Decolonization and the United States in Lebanon, 1941--1967. Diss. THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, 2012.

Méouchy, Nadine, and Peter Sluglett. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Les Mandats Francais Et Anglais Dans Une Perspective Comparative). Vol. 93. Brill Academic Pub, 2004.

Mikdashi, Maya. "Essential Readings: Lebanon," Jadaliyya. [http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/4926/essential-readings_reading-lebanon]

Sbaiti, Nadya, and Sara Scalenghe. "Essays - Conducting Research in Lebanon: an Overview of Historical Sources Outside of Beirut (part Ii)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 38.2 (2004): 187

Scalenghe, Sara, and Nadya Sbalti. "Essays and Mesa 2002 - Conducting Research in Lebanon: an Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut (part I)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 37.1 (2003): 68

Slim, Souad Abou el-Rousse. Le métayage et l'impôt au Mont-Liban: XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Dar el-Machreq, 1987.

Prostitution in the Eastern Mediterranean / Gary Leiser

2013-03-24T17:14:00.000+02:00

98. A New Look at an Old Profession

Jinn in the form of seductive woman
from ʻAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt

The image of prostitution as humanity's "oldest profession" often obscures the fact that this phenomenon has carried different social meaning and economic value across time and space. In this episode, Dr. Gary Leiser explores social understandings of prostitution in the Eastern Mediterranean between various political and legal frameworks during the medieval period.

MP3 File
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Gary Leiser is a retired civil servant whose work focuses on medieval Islamic history.

Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at İstanbul 29 Mayıs University. His work focuses on early modern Mediterranean and Ottoman History. (see academia.edu)

Kahraman Şakul is an Assistant Professor of History at İstanbul Şehir University focusing on Ottoman military history. (see academia.edu)

Louis Fishman is an Assistant Professor of History at CUNY-Brooklyn College studying Palestinian and Israeli history during the late Ottoman Period. (see faculty page)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Stavroula Leontsini, Die Prostitution im früher Byzanz (Vienna: Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, 1989)

al-Maqrīzī, al-Mawāʿiẓ wa ʾl-iʿtibār bi-dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wa ʾl-āthār, (Cairo: Būlāq, 1853-54), 2 vols.

James Brundage, “Prostitution, Miscegenation and Sexual Purity in the First Crusade,” in Crusade and Settlement, edited by Peter W. Edbury, pp. 57-65 (Cardiff: University College Cardiff Pr., 1985).

Bernadette Martel-Thoumian, “Plaisirs illicites et châtiments dans les sources mamloukes fin ixe/xve – début xe/xvie siècle,” Annales Islamologiques, 39 (2005): 275-323.

Mark D. Meyerson, “Prostitution of Muslim Women in the Kingdom of Valencia: Religious and Sexual Discrimination in a Medieval Plural Society,” in The Medieval Mediterranean: Cross-cultural Contacts, edited by Marilyn J. Chiat and Kathryn Reyerson, pp. 87-95 (St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press, 1988).

Aḥmad ʿAbd ar-Rāziq (ed.), La Femme au temps des Mamlouks en Égypte (Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1973).

“Bighāʾ,” Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition, Supplement

Abdelwahab Bouhdiba, La Sexualité en Islam, 2nd ed. (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1979).

19. yüzyıl Türk Edebiyatı'nda Müzik / Melda Üner

2013-03-20T21:06:00.000+02:00

97. Ottoman Writers and European Classical Music

Advertisement for opera
performance at Naum Theatre in
Pera, Istanbul (1833)

Osmanlı toplumunun yaşamının hızla değiştiği bir dönem olan 19. yüzyılda sanat alanında da birçok yenilikler ortaya çıktı. Bu podcastın birinci bölümünde Doç. Dr. Melda Üner ile batılılaşma ve modernleşme paradigmaları çerçevesinde 19. yüzyıl Türk Edebiyatı’nda müzik ögesinin nasıl kullanıldığını konuşacağız. Dönemin bir çok edebi eseri üzerinde yoğunlaşarak Tanzimat ve Servet-i Fünûn gibi iki ayrı edebi dönemde Osmanlı aydınının batılılaşma ve modernleşme karşısındaki tavırlarını ve “Doğu” ile “Batı” arasındaki tercihlerini tartışacağız. Podcastımızın ikinci kısmında, Emrah Safa Gürkan Osmanlı edebiyatı'nda bahsi geçen klasik müzik eserlerini içeren ve Melda Üner, Murat Özkoyuncu ve Chris Gratien tarafından hazırlanan mixtape'imizi sunuyor.

The nineteenth century not only radically transformed daily life in Ottoman society but also introduced new artistic styles. In part one of this podcast, Assoc. Prof. Melda Üner examines the element of music in nineteenth-century Turkish literature along the paradigms of westernization and modernization. Exploring a number of contemporary works, she focuses on Ottoman intellectuals’ attitudes towards westernization and modernization and demonstrates how they took sides between “East” and “West” in two different literary periods: the Tanzimat and Servet-i Fünûn. In the second part of the podcast, Emrah Safah Gürkan presents a mixtape organized by Melda Üner, Murat Özkoyuncu, and Chris Gratien displaying examples of European classical music referenced in Ottoman literature (podcast is in Turkish).

1. Bölüm 19. yüzyıl Türk Edebiyatı'nda Müzik: Melda Üner ile bir görüşme

MP3 File
iTunes

2. Bölüm Osmanlı Romanlarından Klasik Batı Müziği Seçmeleri

MP3 File
iTunes

Tanzimat Dönemi'nden günümüze Türk Edebiyatı üzerine uzmanlaşan Doç. Dr. Melda Üner başkan yardımcılığı görevini de üstlendiği Yeditepe Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümünde ders vermektedir. (bkz. academia.edu)
Yeniçağ Akdeniz Tarihi ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde ders vermektedir. (bkz. academia.edu)
Dr. Murat Özkoyuncu Andante Dergisi Yazar ve Eleştirmenidir (bkz. Andante)
Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır (bkz. academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

İnceleme Kitapları:

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, XIX. Asır Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi, Yay.Haz. Abdullah Uçman (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul 2006)

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Edebiyat Üzerine Makaleler, Haz.: Zeynep Kerman (İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 1992).

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, XIX. Asır Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi (İstanbul: Çağlayan Kitabevi, 1967).

Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, Sanata Dair II (İstanbul: Hilmi Kitabevi, 1938).

Halid Ziya, Kırk Yıl III, (İstanbul: Cumhuriyet Gazetesi ve Matbaası, 1936).

Ayşe Melda Üner, Roman ve Musiki (İstanbul: Simurg Kitapçılık, 2006).

Romanlar:

Ahmet Midhat Efendi, Felâtun Bey ve Rakım Efendi, Haz.: Necat Birinci (Ankara: Atatürk Kültür , Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara 2000).

Ahmet Midhat Efendi, Müşahedat, Haz.: Necat Birinci (Ankara: Atatürk Kültür , Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 2000).

Ahmet Midhat Efendi, Jön Türk, Haz.: Dr. Osman Gündüz (Ankara: Akçağ Basım Yayım Pazarlama A.Ş., 1999).

Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Araba Sevdası, Haz. İsmail Parlatır, Nurullah Çetin ve Hakan Sazyek (İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları , 1997).

Mizancı Murat, Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa Mı? (Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları, 1999).

Sami Paşazade Sezai, Sergüzeşt (İstanbul: Sahip ve Naşiri Kütüphane-i Sudî, İstanbul Bab-ı Âli Caddesi, Orhaniye Matbaası, 1924).

Nabizade Nazım, Zehra (Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları, 1997).

Fatma Aliye Hanım, Udî, (Dersaâdet: İkdam Matbaası, 1315/1899).

Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, Mai ve Siyah, Haz.: Enfel Doğan (İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları, 2007).

Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, Aşk-ı Memnu, Haz.: Muharrem Kaya (İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları, 2003).

Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, Nesl-i Ahir, Haz.: Alev Sınar Uğurlu (İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları, 2009).

Mehmet Rauf, Eylül, Haz.: Metin Martı (İstanbul: Arma Yayınları, 1998).

Müzik:

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Concerto per violino e orchestra in Mi minore op. 64

NBC Symphony Orchestra, 1944

Giuseppe Verdi
La fatal pietra (Aida)
Nicola Zerola, 1909

Giuseppe Verdi
Pace, Pace, Mio Dio (La Forza Del Destino)
Rosa Ponselle, 1928

Charles Gounod
Je veux vivre dans le rêve (Roméo et Juliette)
Amelita Galli-Curci (1917)

Charles Gounod
'O merveille! ... A moi les plaisirs' (Faust)
Enrico Caruso / Marcel Journet, 1910

Jacques Offenbach

Le roi plaintif qui s'embarque (La Belle Hélène)
Paris Philharmonic Chorus & Orchestra, 1952

Ludwig van Beethoven
Moonlight Sonata
Solomon, 1956

Frédéric Chopin
Piano Concerto No. 2
Alfred Cortot, piano / John Barbirolli, conductor (1935)

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Cleveland Orchestra, 1942

Frédéric Chopin
Nocturne in C sharp Minor (No.20)
Vladimir Ashkenazy

Transportation and Public Space in Ottoman Istanbul / James Ryan

2013-03-16T16:16:00.002+02:00

96. Tramways in Ottoman Istanbul

The spread of public transportation in the form of boats and trams in late Ottoman Istanbul changed the lived geography of the city and created new public spaces of interaction. In this episode, Jim Ryan discusses the debates surrounding social conduct and gender relations on the trams and how this new mode of transport fit into the larger transformations of Ottoman urban space.

MP3 File
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Sam Dolbee is a PhD candidate in the department of Middle East Studies at New York University
James Ryan is a PhD candidate in the department of History at University of Pennsylvania (see academia.edu)

Citation: "On the Tram: Transport and Public Space in Ottoman Istanbul," Jim Ryan, Sam Dolbee, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 97 (March 17, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/03/public-transport-rail-tram-istanbul.html.

Select Bibliography

Primary Sources

Babanzade, Ismali Hakkı, De Stamboul a Bagdad: Notes et Impressions d’un Homme d’Etat Turc Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1911

Gürsel, Nedim, The Last Tram Ruth Whitehouse trans., London: Comma Press 2011

Rasim, Ahmet, Fuhş-u Atık, Istanbul: İkdam Matbaası 1922

___________, Dünkü İstanbul Hovardalık, Istanbul: Arba Press 1987

Secondary Sources

Belenky, Masha, “Transitory Tales: Writing the Omnibus in Nineteenth-Century Paris” Dix-Neuf Vol. 16 No. 3, November 2012, pp. 283-303

Brummett, Palmira, Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908-1911 Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000

Çelik, Zeynep, Empire, Architecture and the City: French-Ottoman Encounters, 1830-1914 Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2008

Emrence, Cem, “Istanbul Tramvay’ında Sınıf ve Kimlik (1871-1922)” Toplumsal Tarih Vol. 16, No. 93 (2001) pp. 6-13

Gülersoy, Çelik, Tramvay İstanbul’da Istanbul, Istanbul Kitapliği, 1989

Hanssen, Jens, Fin de Siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital, New York, Oxford University Press 2005

Kayserlioğlu, R. Sertaç Dersaadet'ten Istanbul'a Tramvay Ikinci Bölüm Istanbul, İ.E.T.T Genel Müdürlüğü 1999

Papayanis, Nicholas, Horse-Drawn Cabs and Omnibuses in Paris: The Idea of Circulation and the Business of Public Transit, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press 1996

Philliou, Christine, “When the Clock Strikes Twelve: The Inception of an Ottoman Past in Early Republican Turkey” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Vol. 31, No. 1 pp. 172-182, 2011

Schoenberg, Phillip Ernest, “The Evolution of Transport in Turkey (Eastern Thrace and Asia Minor) under Ottoman Rule, 1856-1918” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1977)

Shissler, A. Holly, “Beauty Is Nothing To Be Ashamed Of: Beauty Contests as Tools of Women’s Liberation in Early Republican Turkey” in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Vol. 24, No. 1 2004 pp. 107-122

Woodall G. Carole, “Sensing the City: Sound, Movement and the Night in 1920s Istanbul” Ph.D. diss. New York University Department of Middle East and Islamic Studies, 2008

Check out our article of the Afternoon Map by Nicholas Danforth for more information and maps about trams and transport in Istanbul

Images

“After the Lifting of the Tramway Curtain”
Türkiye Edebiyat Mecmuası Vol. 1 No. 1 September 1, 1924

Istanbul Electric Tramway Opening, 1914
R. Sertaç Kayserlioğlu /Dersaadet'ten Istanbul'a Tramvay/ 2inci Bölüm Istanbul, İ.E.T.T Genel Müdürlüğü 1999

Istanbul Tramway Map c1915-1920
R. Sertaç Kayserlioğlu /Dersaadet'ten Istanbul'a Tramvay/ 2inci Bölüm Istanbul, İ.E.T.T Genel Müdürlüğü 1999

“Mayıs Gezintisi: Asude köşe” (“A May Walk: A Serene Corner”)
reprinted in Gülersoy, Istanbul’da Tramvay p. 151

“Tombul Teyze tramvayda” (“Chubby Auntie on the tramway”)
reprinted in Gülersoy, Istanbul’da Tramvay p. 108

Music: Kara Güneş - Istanbul

Ottoman Qur'an Printing / Brett Wilson

2013-03-03T14:53:00.002+02:00

95. Religion and the Rise of Printing in the Ottoman Empire

Printing in Ottoman Turkish first emerged during the eighteenth century. Yet, even when print had arrived in full force by the middle of the nineteenth century, it remained forbidden to print the text most sought after by Ottoman readers: the Qur'an. In this episode, Brett Wilson discusses the rise of print and Qur'an printing in the Ottoman Empire as well as the emergence of Turkish translations of the Qur'an in the late Ottoman and early Republican eras.

MP3 File
iTunes

Brett Wilson in an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Macalester College (see academia.edu)
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA focusing on history of science and intellectual history of the Ottoman Empire (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

The audio clip preceding this episode is a recording of a Turkish version of the Fatiha composed by Hamdi Döndüren and read by Ahmet Deniz

Select Bibliography

Page of Qur'an copied by
Kadıasker Mustafa İzzet Efendi,
a proofreader of first Ottoman printed
Qur'an (1837)

George N. Atiyeh, The Book in the Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the Middle East (Albany: State University of New York Press; Library of Congress, 1995).

Michael W. Albin, "Printing of the Qurʾān." Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe (Georgetown University, Washington DC. Brill).

Nedret Kuran Burçoğlu. "Osman Zeki Bey and His Printing Office the Matbaa-i Osmaniye." in History of Printing and Publishing in the Languages and Countries of the Middle East, edited by Philip Sadgrove and Colin Paul Mitchell. 35-58. New York: Middle East Studies Association of North America], 2007.

Malissa Taylor. "The Anxiety of Sanctity: Censorship and Sacred Texts." In XI To XVIII Centuries Islamic-Turkish Civilization and Europe International Symposium: Philosophy-State, Language-Literature-Art, Military, Daily Life, Image (Istanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2006), 513-540.

M. Brett Wilson, “The First Translations of the Qur'an in Modern Turkey (1924-1938).” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41 no. 3 (2009), 419-435.

M. Brett Wilson, “The Optional Ramadan Fast: The Debate over Qur'an v. 2:184 in the Early Turkish Republic,” in The Meaning of the Word: Lexicology and Tafsīr. Ed. Stephen Burge (Oxford University Press, Forthcoming).

Salonica in the Age of Ports / Sotiris Dimitriadis

2013-02-23T17:41:00.000+02:00

94. Mediterranean Cities

Salonica, 1913
Albert Kahn Collection

Following the First World War, Eastern Mediterranean port cities lost much of their cosmopolitan character with the rise of nationalism. Given the violent and disruptive nature of this change, it is natural that these multicultural spaces are remembered with a great deal of nostalgia. However, the cosmopolitan nature of the port was also the product of a certain historical context in which Mediterranean ports became important spaces of contact, conflict, and social change. In this episode, Sotiris Dimitriadis reconstructs this historical context and explains the ways in which the urban space of Salonica (in modern-day Greece) was refashioned as part of the economic and social transformation of the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat period.

MP3 File
iTunes

Sotiris Dimitriadis is a PhD candidate at SOAS in London focusing on urban space in the nineteeth-century Mediterranean
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA focusing on history of science and intellectual history of the Ottoman Empire (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Select Bibliography

Salonique 1850-1918: La ‘Ville des Juifs’ et le Reveil des Balkans, ed. Gilles Venstein (Paris: Autrement, 1992)

Alexandra Yerolympos, Urban Transformations in the Balkans (1820-1920) (Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, 1996)

Meropi Anastassiadou, Salonique: Une Ville Ottomane à l'Âge des Réformes (Leiden: Brill, 1997)

Mark Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews (London: Harper Collins, 2004)

Çağlar Keyder, Y. Eyüp Özveren, and Donald Quataert, “Port Cities in the Ottoman Empire: Some Theoretical and Historical Perspectives” in Review, a Journal of Fernand Braudel Center, XVI, 4 (Fall 1993), pp. 519-558

Jens Hanssen, Fin de Siecle Beirut: the making of an Ottoman provincial capital (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003)

Malte Fuhrmann and Vangelis Kechriotis, "The late Ottoman port-cities and their inhabitants: subjectivity, urbanity, and conflicting orders" in Mediterranean Historical Review, 24,2 (December 2009), 71-78

Sibel Zandi-Sayek, Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840-1880 (Minneapolis and London: University of Minessota Press, 2012)

Images

All images provided by Sotiris Dimitriadis. To learn more about these pictures, click here to view our album on Facebook.

Villa Allatinin (Source: Municipality of Thessaloniki, Digitalisation of Cultural Documents)

Jewish Cemetery of Salonica (Source: Municipality of Thessaloniki, Digitalisation of Cultural Documents)

Map of Salonica Train Station (Source: Ottoman Archives)

The "Konak," Government House in Ottoman Salonica

Sultan Mehmed Reşad V at Aya Sofia in Salonica

Le Progress de Salonique, July 25, 1908

Tedirgin Anadolu // Taylan Akyıldırım

2013-02-15T01:45:00.002+02:00

93. Celali İsyanları ve Anadolu'da Büyük Kaçgun

Ottoman Sipahis
Germany, 16th Century

Osmanlı tarihçileri uzun bir zamandır 17. yüzyılın krizlerle dolu ilk yarısında klasik Osmanlı kurumlarının geçirdiği büyük dönüşümlere odaklanmaktadır. Bu podcastımızda Taylan Akyıldırım le Anadolu’yu tamamen etkisi altına alıp önemli siyasi, iktisadi ve toplumsal etkiler yaratan Celali İsyanları üzerine konuştuk. Küçük Buz Çağı, Fiyat Devrimi, Osmanlı gerilemesi, Askeri Devrim gibi paradigmalar çerçevesinde bu isyanların nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerinde durmaya çalıştık.

Ottoman historians have long focused on the radical transformation of classical Ottoman institutions during the first half of the seventeenth century. In this podcast, Taylan Akyıldırım discusses the political, economic and social effects of the Celali Revolts that dominated the entire Anatolian countryside. He tries to underline the reasons for and consequences of these revolts within the frameworks of paradigms such as the Little Ice Age, the Price Revolution, Ottoman Decline and the Military Revolution. Note: the podcast is in Turkish.

MP3 File
iTunes

Konya ve Larende yöresinde Celali İsyanları'nın etkileri üzerine doktorasını hazırlayan Taylan Akyıldırım Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde doktora çalışmalarında bulunmaktadır
Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde ders vermektedir (see academia.edu)
Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır (academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Akdağ, Mustafa, Türk Halkının Dirlik ve Düzenlik Kavgası Celâlî İsyanları, YKY, İstanbul 2009
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, “Tarihi Demografi Araştırmaları ve Osmanlı Tarihi”, Türkiyat Mecmuası 10 (1951-53), s.1-27

Cipolla, Carlo M., The Economic History of World Population, Penguin Books, Baltimore 1970

Cook, Michael, Population Pressure in Rural Anatolia,1450-1600, London: Oxford University Press, 1972

Faroqhi, Suraiya, “Krizler ve Değişim,1590-1699”, Halil İnalcık-Donald Quataert (ed.), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi, cilt 2, s. 543-759

Goldstone, Jack, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, University of California Press, Berkeley 1991

Griswold, William, Anadolu’da Büyük İsyan 1591-1611, çev. Ülkün Tansel, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul 2000

İnalcık, Halil, “Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1700”, Archivum Ottomanicum 6 (1980), s.283-337

İslamoğlu-İnan, Huri, State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire: Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development in Ottoman Anatolia during the Sixteenth Century, Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1994

Kuniholm, Peter, “Archeological Evidence and Non-Evidence for Climatic Change”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A330, s.645-655

McGowan, Bruce, Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade, and Struggle for Land, 1600-1800, Cambridge University Press, 1981

Özel, Oktay, “Population Changes in Ottoman Anatolia during the 16th and 17th
Centuries: the Demographic Crisis‟ Reconsidered,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 36 (2004), s. 183-205

Özel, Oktay, “Banditry, State and Economy: On the Financial Impact of the Celâli
Movement in Ottoman Anatolia” Halil İnalcık and Oktay Özel (ed.), IXth Congress of Economic and Social History of Turkey, Dubrovnik, 20-23 August 2001 (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2005), s. 65-74.

Özel, Oktay, “The Reign of Violence: The Celâlis (c.1550-1700)”, in Christine Woodhead (ed.), The Ottoman World, London and New York: Routledge

Özel, Oktay, “17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Demografi ve İskan Tarihi İçin Önemli Bir Kaynak: 'Mufassal' Avârız Defterleri,” XII. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara, 12-16 Eylül 1994, Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, III , TTK Basımevi, Ankara 1999), s. 735-744.

Parker, Geoffrey, Europe in Crises, 1598-1648, London: Fontana History of Europe, 1990
Tezcan, Baki, The Second Ottoman Empire Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World, Cambridge University Press, 2010

Todorova, Maria, “Was There a Demographic Crisis in the Ottoman Empire in the Seventeenth Century?” Etudes Balkaniques 2 (1988), s.55-63

Geography, Knowledge, and Mapping Ottoman History / Nick Danforth & Timur Hammond

2013-02-07T21:23:00.000+02:00

92. The Afternoon Map

Detail of Istanbul Tourist Map, 1940s

Maps are as useful as they are problematic. They not only represent spaces in a particular way but also shape the way people interact with those spaces. In this episode, Timur Hammond discusses trends in scholarly approaches to cartography over the past decades as Nick Danforth and Chris Gratien unveil their new website the Afternoon Map, a collection of provocative and useful maps related to Ottoman and modern Turkish history.

MP3 File
iTunes

Nicholas Danforth is a PhD candidate studying the history of modern Turkey at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Timur Hammond is a PhD candidate in the Geography department at UCLA studying the social and cultural geography of modern Turkey

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Geography and Mapping Ottoman/Turkish History," Nicholas Danforth, Timur Hammond, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 92 (February 8, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/02/maps-ottoman-empire-turkey-middle-east.html

Maps mentioned in this episode include:

Intikam
Marmara Canal
Plans for Soviet Invasion
What the Greeks Destroyed
Cihannuma Map of Bosphorus
Ottoman Map of North America
Tourist Map of Beirut
Illustrated Economy of Turkey

Select Bibliography

Casey, Edward S. Representing Place: Landscape Paintings and Maps. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co., 2008.
–––, ed. Mappings. London: Reaktion Books, 1999.
Harley, J.B.. The New Nature of Maps: Essays in the History of Cartography. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Harley, J.B. and David Woodward, eds. The History of Cartography, 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Karamustafa, Ahmet T. “Introduction to Ottoman Cartography” and “Military, Administrative, and Scholarly Maps and Plans,” The History of Cartography, eds. Harley and Woodward, vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Music: Selda Bağcan - Tatlı Dilim

Translating Pamuk // Bernt Brendemoen

2013-02-01T00:02:00.000+02:00

91. Turkish Literature in Translation

from Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence, Istanbul
Source: Hürriyet Daily News

Orhan Pamuk is easily the most well-known Turkish novelist outside of Turkey, and his works have been translated into dozens of languages. In this episode, linguist Bernt Brendemoen, who has translated a number of Pamuk's works into Norweigian, shares some of his experiences from working with the author and other translators and some thoughts on the message of Pamuk's literature and new museum based on the novel Museum of Innocence (Masumiyet Müzesi).

MP3 File
iTunes

Bernt Brendemoen is a Professor of Turkology at the University of Oslo in Norway (see faculty page)

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Translating Pamuk," Bernt Brendemoen and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 91 (February 1, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/12/orhan-pamuk-translation-museum-of-innocence.html.

Music: Ezginin Günlüğü - Karaköy

Producing Pera: A Levantine Family and the Remaking of Istanbul

2013-01-25T00:23:00.000+02:00

90. Generations and Urban Transformations

During the nineteenth century, the urban space of Istanbul was transformed by actors consciously involved in reshaping the face of Ottoman and high society in this European capital. In this episode, Nilay Özlü explores the culture and architecture of the Pera neighborhood during these formative years through the story of three generations of the Vallaury family, Levantine Istanbulites who rose to prominence in the fields of cuisine, cafe culture, and finally architecture through the figure of Alexander Vallaury.

MP3 File
iTunes

Nilay Özlü is a PhD student in the Department of History at Boğaziçi University focusing on urban and architectural history (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Producing Pera: A Levantine Family and the Remaking of Istanbul," Nilay Özlü and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 90 (January 25, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/01/pera-istanbul-architecture.html.

Select Bibliography

Kayaalp, N. (2008), Pera'nın Yersiz Yurtsuz Kahamanları, Unpuplished Thesis, Istanbul: YTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.

Akın, N. (2002), 19. Yüzyılda Galata ve Pera, Literatür Yayınları.

Bozdoğan, S. (2007), "Reading Ottoman Architecture through modernist lenses: Nationalist Historiography and the "New Architecture" in the Early Republic", Muqarnas 24.

Çelik, Z., (1993), The Remaking of Istanbul Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, University of California Pres, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.

Eldem, E. (2006) "Levanten Kelimesi Üzerine", in A. Yumul, ed., Avrupalı mı Levanten mi, Istanbul: Bağlam.

Eldem, E., (2000a), Bankalar Caddesi Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Voyvoda Caddesi, Osmanlı Bankası Bankacılık ve Finans Tarihi Arastırma ve Belge Merkezi, Istanbul.

Mardin, Ş., (2007), Türk Modernlesmesi Makaleler 4, İletisim Yayınları, Istanbul.

Ortaylı, İ., (2002), İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı, İletisim Yayınları, Istanbul.

Images

View of Pera and Galata, c1870-1910, Guillaume Berggren (LOC)

Pera (Istiklal) Street, Istanbul (SALT Araştırma)

Letter from François Vallauri to Ali Paşa (BOA)

Galata Steps, Sébqh & Joaillier

Pera (Istiklal) and Sahne Streets Intersection, François Vallauri's cafe was on the (left) corner

Formerly Cafe Lebon, operated by François Vallauri's son in law Edward Lebon, interior was designed by Vallauri's
son architect Alexander Vallaury. (Photo: Nilay Özlü)

Students and Teachers of Ottoman School of Fine Arts, Alexander Vallaury taught architecture there.
He is seated in the front and wearing a bowler hat.

Ottoman Archaeology Museum, founded by Osman Hamdi Bey and Designed by Alexander Vallaury
Sébah & Joaillier (LOC)

Plans for the Ottoman Imperial Bank, designed by Alexander Vallaury (SALT Araştırma)

View of Galata from the Golden Horn. The Ottoman Imperial Bank looms above.
Abdullah Freres c. 1880-1893 (LOC)

Ballroom of Pera Palace (Palas) Hotel in Istanbul (Yapı Dergisi)

Music: Emel Sayın - Beyoğlu'nda gezersin

I. Selim imgesi ve 17. yüzyılda Osmanlı şehirlilerinin tarih algısı / Tülün Değirmenci

2013-01-19T10:01:00.000+02:00

89. Past Conceptions of the Past

Günümüzde tarihin nasıl algılandığı, yeniden üretildiği, sembolize ve politize edildiği tartışılırken, geçmiş toplumların kendi geçmişlerini nasıl algıladıkları sıklıkla gözden kaçmaktadır. Bu podcastımızda Yard. Doç. Dr. Tülün Değirmenci resimli el yazmalarındaki I. Selim (1512-1520) imgesi üzerinden 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı şehirlilerinin tarih algısını inceliyor. Siyaset, popüler algı ve tarihyazımı arasındaki ilişkiyi gözler önüne sermekle kalmıyor, ikonografi, kitap üretimi ve okuma kültürü gibi Osmanlı entellektüel tarihinin önemli mevzularını da mercek altına alıyor.

In spite of lively debate regarding how history is reconstructed today, historians have paid less attention to how past societies perceived their own past. In this episode, based on a seventeenth-century illustrated manuscript, Tülün Değirmenci explores how 17th century Ottoman city-dwellers perceived the controversial figure of Sultan Selim I (note: this episode is in Turkish).

MP3 File
iTunes

Osmanlı Sanat Tarihi, Resimli Kitaplar ve Okuma Kültürü üzerine eserler veren Yard. Doç. Dr. Tülün Değirmenci Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sanat Tarihi Bölümü'nde ders vermekte ve Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi'nde Senior Fellow olarak araştırma yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu).
Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde ders vermektedir. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "I. Selim imgesi ve 17. yüzyılda Osmanlı şehirlilerinin tarih algısı," Tülün Değirmenci, Emrah Safa Gürkan, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 89 (January 19, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/01/sultan-selim-image-art.html.

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Selahattin Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim, Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yay. 1969.

Feridun M. Emecen, Yavuz Sultan Selim, İstanbul: Yitik Hazine Yayınları, 2010

Şehabeddin Tekindağ, “Selim-Nâmeler,” İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1 (Ekim 1970),…

Ahmet Uğur, “Selim-Nâmeler,” Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, XXII, (1978): 367-379

Tülün Değirmenci, “Bir kitabı kaç kişi okur? Osmanlı’da Okurlar ve Okuma Biçimleri Üzerine Bazı Gözlemler,” Tarih ve Toplum: Yeni Yaklaşımlar, 13 (Aralık 2011): 7-43.

Tülün Değirmenci, “Şah İsmail’in Gözdesi Tâclı Hanım’ın Tasviri,” Toplumsal Tarih, 211 (Temmuz 2011): 42-45.

Bağcı, Serpil, Filiz Çağman, Günsel Renda ve Zeren Tanındı. Osmanlı Resim Sanatı, (İstanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 2006).

Images

Bayezid II fighting his son Selim at Uğraşdere (Selīm-nāme, TSMK, H. 1597-8, f. 44a)

Selim I fighting his brother Ahmed (Selīm-nāme, TSMK, H. 1597-8, f. 83b)

Bayezid II's Funeral (Selīm-nāme, TSMK, H. 1597-8, f. 62a)

Battle of Chaldiran (Selīm-nāme, TSMK, H. 1597-8)

Selim I on his deathbed (Selīm-nāme, TSMK, H. 1597-8, f. 267a)

Music: Golden Horn Ensemble - Tanbur Taksimi

Malaria: Global Themes and Ottoman Connections // Chris Gratien & Sam Dolbee

2013-01-13T16:39:00.002+02:00

88. Disease in Ottoman History

This three-part series provides an introduction to the historical study of malaria with special emphasis on the place of the Ottoman Empire and Middle East in the story of human interaction with the disease.

Part One:

Malaria is a disease that has been with human society since our earliest days. It has shaped our relationship with our environment throughout time, thereby changing the course of history. In our three part series on malaria, we look at malaria on the global stage and in the Ottoman Empire in particular, as well as more recent scientific approaches to malaria during the last century. This first episode examines malaria in the long durée and its various interactions with human society.

MP3 File

Part Two:

Malaria was present in much of the Ottoman Empire throughout its six centuries of existence; yet, the relationship between humans and the disease environment was anything but unchanging. In this second part of our three part series on the history of malaria, we discuss the role of the disease in Ottoman history, make some observations about changes in settlement and disease, and explore early attempts to control malaria through state interventions and the use of science and medicine.

MP3 File

Part Three:

The discovery of the malaria parasite and the mosquito as its vector changed human understandings of the disease and gave rise to scientific and medical approaches that mixed new and old practices. The twentieth century saw a great push to eliminate malaria from many parts of the world, and while these programs had successes, they also led to unintended consequences. In this third and final part of our three part series on the history of malaria, we discuss new approaches to malaria that arose both in colonial settings and within the framework of new nation states, touching on the cases of Turkey, India, Algeria, Israel/Palestine, Italy, the US and others.

MP3 File

Sam Dolbee is a PhD candidate in the department of Middle East Studies at New York University

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Malaria: Global Themes and Ottoman Connections," Chris Gratien and Sam Dolbee, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 88 (January 13, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/01/malaria-disease-treatment-world.html.

Bibliography

Images

Diplomat bir Şehzade'nin portresi: II. Selim // Güneş Işıksel

2013-01-04T08:59:00.000+02:00

87. A Prince and a Diplomat

Genelde hükümdar merkezli bir siyasi tarih anlayışı geliştiren Osmanlı tarihyazımı ironik bir şekilde bu hükümdarlar üzerine kapsamlı biyografiler üretememiştir. Bu podcastimizde Collège de France ve Sorbonne Üniversitesi’nden Dr. Güneş Işıksel ile II. Selim’in şehzadelik dönemine odaklanarak üzerine pek fazla bilgimizin olmadığı bir alan olan Osmanlı diplomasisini inceledik. Modern Osmanlı Devleti’nin oluşumu ve egemenlik anlayışı gibi kavramlar çerçevesinde bir şehzadenin diplomatik etkinliğini ele alarak, gereğinden fazla payitaht merkezli bir Osmanlı siyasi tarihinin de eleştirisini yapmaya çalıştık.

Even though Ottoman historiography was generally centered on Sultans and their reigns, ironically, it did not produce biographies of these rulers. In this episode, Güneş Işıksel explores Selim II's period as a prince and his role in diplomacy during the reign of his father Suleiman the Magnificent (note: this episode is in Turkish).

MP3 File

Yeniçağ Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Diplomasi Tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Güneş Işıksel Collège de France ve Paris-Sorbonne Üniversitesi'nde (Paris IV) doktora sonrası çalışmalarını yürütmektedir. (see academia.edu)
Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde ders vermektedir. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Diplomat bir Şehzade'nin portresi: II. Selim," Güneş Işıksel, Emrah Safa Gürkan, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 87 (January 4, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/01/sultan-selim-ii-biography-prince-diplomat.html

Select Bibliography

Prince Selim II with wine cup
Aga Khan Museum

Güneş Işıksel, "A letter of Shahzade Selîm to Charles IX of France on “Nassi Affair”", Cuadernos de Estudos Sefarditas, VII (2007): 245-254.

Güneş Işıksel, "La politique étrangère ottomane dans la seconde moitié du XV^esiècle : le cas du règne de Selîm II (1566-1574)" (Doktora Tezi, EHESS, 2012).

İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, "İran Şahı’na İltica Etmiş Olan Şehzade Bayezid`in Teslimi için Sultan Süleymân ve Oğlu Selim Tarafından Şah’a Gönderilen Altınlar ve Kıymetli Hediyeler", Belleten, XXIV/93 (1960): 103-110.

Gilles Veinstein, "Une lettre de Selim II au roi de Pologne Sigismond-Auguste sur la campagne d’Astrakhan de 1569", Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, LXXXII (1992): 397-420.

Gilles Veinstein, "Autour de la lettre de Selim II aux andalous et des origines de la guerre de Chypre", in Encarnación Sanchez, García Pablo Martín Asuero, Michele Bernardini (éd.), España y el Oriente islámico entre los siglos XV y XVI. Imperio Otomano, Persia y Asia central (Istanbul, Isis, 2007): 271-281.

Bülent Arı, "Early Ottoman diplomacy: ad hoc period" in A. Nuri Yurdusev (éd.), Ottoman diplomacy: conventional or unconventional? (Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2004): 36-65.

Metin Kunt, “A prince goes forth (perchance to return)” in Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman World: A Volume of Essays in Honour of Norman Itzkowitz, eds. B. Tezcan and Karl K. Barbir (Wisconsin: Wisconsin University Press, 2007), pp. 63-71

Music: Golden Horn Ensemble - Hicaz Sirto

2012: Year in Review

2013-01-01T23:04:00.000+02:00

by Chris Gratien

with Selim Kuru and Oscar Aguirre-Mandujano
Ottoman Summer School in Cünda, Turkey, July 2012

Emrah Safa Gürkan and I started Ottoman History Podcast in the Spring of 2011, but 2012 was the beginning of a new trajectory for us. We upgraded our equipment and production value, and we expanded our audience through our Facebook group and other outlets using historical photographs and additional materials. Our episodes, which by the end of the 2012 numbered more than 80, featured the contributions of over 40 scholars and researchers from eleven countries and more than twenty institutions.

We also added more people to the team. Elçin Arabacı joined up to help with our images collection, and with the initiative of Sam Dolbee, we also launched the Tozsuz Evrak document blog, where we have posted dozens of short articles showcasing interesting archival documents and primary sources. Zachary Foster expanded our operations through remote submissions of episodes from Princeton.

with Vedica Kant
Beit Majed, Istanbul, December 2012

In our first year of podcasting, our guests were largely limited to scholars studying and teaching at Georgetown University, and thus, our scope was limited to the expertise of those scholars. In 2012, one of our goals was to expand our coverage of Ottoman history through diversifying our ranks and exploring new and developing areas of inquiry.

Environmental history has emerged as an exciting new area for researchers working on the Ottoman Empire and Middle East, and we dealt with environment and ecology in a number of episodes. Alan Mikhail, whose work entitled Nature and Empire in Ottoman Egypt earned the 2011 Roger Owen Book Award at MESA, came on the podcast to discuss the ways in which Ottoman provinces such as Egypt were linked to the imperial center through ecology and food networks. Timur Hammond led a round-table discussion on major debates and themes in the emerging field of Middle East environmental history with Sam Dolbee, Elizabeth Williams, and yours truly. Graham Pitts came on to talk about agriculture in the twentieth-century Middle East in a comparative perspective, touching on the cases of Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey, and Syria. Sam Dolbee talked about rural development and ecology at AUB under the French Mandate.

Nora Barakat's episode on late Ottoman Transjordan also touched on agrarian transformations in the Middle East, focusing on nomads and changing patterns of settlement in the region through the interface of tribal communities and evolving Ottoman legal structures.

On the other side of the social history spectrum, many of our guests dealt with issues of cultural history and literature. Aslı Niyazioğlu's podcast that examined the role of dreams in Ottoman literature and politics and Oscar Aguirre-Mandujano's episode on ritual slaughter of horses in early Ottoman sources stressed the importance of reading literature in its sociopolitical context and highlighted the ways in which literature can be better used as a source for Ottoman history. The same was true for Selim Kuru's discussion of sex, love, and worship in Ottoman classical texts, which was one of our most popular episodes of the year. Didem Havlioğlu likewise sought to highlight the presence of women literati among Ottoman intellectuals.

Hydrocephalus Treatment
Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu, Cirahiyyetü'l-Haniyye

By this same token, art was an important concern of ours that brought new media to the podcast format. Using Islamic calligraphic art as a window onto larger cultural and historiographical issues, Irvin Cemil Schick challenged scholarship focused on a perceived lack of figural art in Muslim societies. Emily Neumeier used a painting of mysterious origins to explore the life and times of Osman Hamdi Bey, a famous Ottoman painter and antiquarian. Elçin Arabacı's dicussion of an early Ottoman illustrated surgery manual easily provided the most interesting (and graphic) images of the year. Mehmet Uğur Ekinci offered an overview of Ottoman classical music and its historical transformations using sample recordings of different compositions in one of our most well-received "historiographical mixtapes."

In fact, in 2012 we were able to introduce a number of historiographical mixtapes that explored history through music and music through history, including an episode on music in Lebanon, a musical biography of the enigmatic and controversial singer Asmahan, and an assortment of folk songs (türkü) that cast light onto aspects of Ottoman and modern Turkish history featuring the contribution of Elçin Arabacı.

In addition to introducing these emerging topics in the study of Ottoman history, we also explored new approaches to familiar issues. Kahraman Şakul outlined what he referred to as a new military history, an approach that expands the purvey of military history beyond the battles and the strategy to include many social history topics related to warfare. Vedica Kant's discussion of the experience of Indian and Ottoman prisoners of war during World War I provided a ready example of this new approach.

Einar Wigen and Timur Hammond
Swedish Institute, Istanbul, October 2012

Likewise, Emrah Safa Gürkan's comments on the role of factions in the imperial capital provided an important critique to the longstanding model of a rational and monolithic Ottoman state, and Nicholas Danforth weighed new and old ways of periodizing the history of modern Turkey. In a podcast on conceptual history, Einar Wigen even went so far as to discuss whether or not the Ottomans ever conceived of their state as an "empire" in the way we refer to it today.

As many of these new themes in Ottoman history have been influenced by trends in the historiography of other world regions, it is not surprising that global perspectives played an important role in many of our episodes. Our round-table with Michael Polczynski, Elena Abbott, and Soha El Achi that discussed slavery in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea centered on the differences in slavery as practiced in different regions of the world and the continuities and parallels that linked these differing practices. Andrew Arsan's episode on Ottoman migration to the Americas and other parts of the world and Jeffery Dyer's contribution on Zanzibar looked at the often overlooked presence of large numbers of Ottoman citizens in emerging imperial spheres of the nineteenth century. Madeleine Elfenbein's talk on Evliya Çelebi and Michael Polczynski's discussion of an Ottoman Armenian traveler from Poland highlighted the broader trend to emphasize the inclusion of the Middle East in the story of early modern explorations and travel.

The discussion of commodities was also an important subset of this global discussion, but we did not feature any podcasts on familiar commodities such as sugar or cotton. Instead we examined lesser-studied trade items such as drugs in the Eastern Mediterranean with Zachary Foster and talked about taste in Graham Cornnwell's episode on the spread of tea in Morocco and my half-serious contribution on the rise and fall of the Ottoman among European furniture styles.

Emrah Safa Gürkan and Louis Fishman
Kurtuluş, Istanbul, December 2012

Just as in 2011, Palestine was an important part of the conversation as well. Louis Fishman discussed the emergence of "Palestinianism" and Zionism within the context of Ottoman political pluralism following the 1908 constitutional reforms, and Zachary Foster explored the long history of the name "Palestine" under Ottoman rule.

The legacy of Anatolia's Greek inhabitants received treatment in a number of episodes. The influence of Greek language in the Trabzon region was an important part of Bernt Brendemoen's podcast on the early spread of Turkish in Anatolia and the Black Sea dialects. Ayça Baydar explored the self-identification of Karamanlis--the Orthodox Christian inhabitants of Western and Central Anatolia--during the empire's final decades, and Valantis Stamelos, a Greek-American who has made a new home in his ancestral Izmir, introduced his film about reconciliation that explores his move to Izmir and the life of the Greek community in Turkey today.

2012 was a big year for the Ottoman History Podcast in other ways, too. With the initiative and collaboration of Aslı Niyazioğlu, Emrah and I conducted a podcasting workshop sponsored by the KOLT center at Koç University that helped an undergraduate class of history students develop podcast projects as a fun and interactive way of expanding their outlets for creative and academic output. On the personal side, I moved to Istanbul and began my dissertation research on the social environmental history of Ottoman Çukurova, and Emrah finished his dissertation on spy networks and information in the early modern Mediterranean. Even more momentous than these changes was the birth of Emrah and his wife Elif's beautiful daughter Zeynep, who, if she is anything like her father, may well be talking enough to do a podcast of her own by the end of next year.

This was just a brief summary of what we did in 2012. Look forward to many new additions as well as more of the same in 2013. For more, visit this link, which provides a complete listing of our episodes thus far. You can subscribe to the Ottoman History Podcast using our podcast feed or through our page in podcast listings such as iTunes.